SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator)

Version 1.1b5 Patch 1 (March 16, 1997)
======================================

3/16/97 : Fixed references bug with C++ code generation.

3/16/97 : Fixed initialization bug in the documentation system that
          was causing weird problems.

3/16/97 : Fixed fatal bug with -c option in the Python module.

3/13/97 : Fixed bug in the documentation system involving the %text directive
          and sorting. In the old system, %text entries would float to the
          top of a section because they were "nameless".   Now they are
          attached to the previous declaration and will stay in the proper
          location relative to the previous entry.

Version 1.1b5 (March 12, 1997)  
==============================

3/11/97 : Fixed compilation problems introduced by Tcl/Tk 8.0a2.
          *** INCOMPATIBILITY *** SWIG no longer works with Tcl/Tk 8.0a1.

3/10/97 : Fixed bug with ignored arguments and C++ member functions in
          the Python module.

3/9/97  : Parsing bugs with nested class definitions and privately
          declared nested class definitions fixed.

3/9/97  : Fixed a few minor code generation bugs with C++ classes and 
          constructors.   In some cases, the resulting wrapper code
          would not compile properly.   SWIG now attempts to use
          the default copy constructor instead.

3/8/97  : Added a -l option to SWIG that allows additional SWIG library files
          to be grabbed without having them specified in the interface file.
          This makes it easier to keep the interface file clean and move certain
          options into a Makefile.   For example :

              swig -tcl example.i              #  Build a normal Tcl extension
              swig -tcl -lwish.i example.i     #  Build it as a wish extension
                                               #  by including the 'wish.i' file.

              swig -python example.i           # Build a dynamically loaded extension
              swig -python -lembed.i example.i # Build a static extension

          These kinds of options could previously be accomplished with 
          conditional compilation such as :

                   %module example
                   ...
                   #ifdef STATIC
                   %include embed.i
                   #endif

3/8/97  : Incorporated changes to Guile module to use the new gh interface
          in FSF Guile 1.0.    The older gscm interface used in Cygnus
          Guile releases is no longer supported by SWIG.

3/8/97  : Cleaned up the Tcl Netscape plugin example.   It should work with
          version 1.1 of the plugin now.

3/8/97  : Added better array support to the typemap module.  The keyword
          ANY can now be used to match any array dimension.  For example :

                    %typemap(tcl,in) double [ANY] {
                           ... get an array ...
                    }

          This will match any single-dimensional double array.   The array
          dimension is passed in the variables $dim0, $dim1, ... $dim9.  For
          example :

		    %typemap(tcl,in) double [ANY][ANY][ANY] {
			printf("Received a double[%d][%d][%d]\n",$dim0,$dim1,$dim2);
	            }

          Any typemap involving a specific array dimension will override any
          specified with the ANY tag.  Thus, a %typemap(tcl,in) double [5][4][ANY] {}
          would override a double [ANY][ANY][ANY].  However, overuse of the ANY
          tag in arrays of high-dimensions may not work as you expect due to
          the pattern matching rule used. For example, which of the following
          typemaps has precedence? 

                      %typemap(in) double [ANY][5] {}     // Avoid this!
                      %typemap(in) double [5][ANY] {}    

3/7/97  : Fixed a number of bugs related to multi-dimensional array handling.
          Typedefs involving multi-dimensional arrays now works correctly.
          For example :

                    typedef double MATRIX[4][4];

                    ...
                    extern double foo(MATRIX a);

          Typecasting of pointers into multi-dimensional arrays is now 
          implemented properly when making C/C++ function calls.
    
3/6/97  : Fixed potentially dangerous bug in the Tcl Object-oriented
          interface.  Well, actually, didn't fix it but issued a
          Tcl error instead.   The bug would manifest itself as follows:

                 % set l [List]           # Create an object
                 ...
                 % set m [List -this $l]  # Make $m into an object assuming $l
                                          # contains a pointer.
                                          # Since $m == $l, $l gets destroyed
                                          # (since its the same command name)
                 % $m insert Foo
                 Segmentation fault       # Note : the list no longer exists!

          Now, an error will be generated instead of redefining the command.
          As in :

                 % set l [List]
                 ...
                 % set m [List -this $l]
                 Object name already exists!
                 
          Use catch{} to ignore the error.

3/3/97  : Better support for enums added.   Datatypes of 'enum MyEnum'
          and typedefs such as 'typedef enum MyEnum Foo;' now work.

3/3/97  : Parser modified to ignore constructor initializers such as :

               class Foo : public Bar {
               int a,b;
               public:
                     Foo(int i) : a(0), b(i), Bar(i,0) { };
               };

3/3/97  : Modified parser to ignore C++ exception specifications such as :

               int foo(double) throw(X,Y);

3/3/97  : Added %import directive.  This works exactly like %extern
          except it tells the language module that the declarations are
          coming from a separate module.   This is usually only 
          needed when working with shadow classes.
          
3/2/97  : Changed pointer type-checker to be significantly more
          efficient when working with derived datatypes.  This
          has been accomplished by storing type-mappings in sorted
          order, using binary search schemes, and caching recently
          used datatypes.   For SWIG generated C++ modules that 
          make a large number of C function calls with derived types,
          this could result in speedups of between 100 and 50000 percent.
          However, due to the required sorting operation, module 
          loading time may increased slightly when there are lots of
          datatypes.

3/2/97  : Fixed some C++ compilation problems with Python
          embed.i library files.

2/27/97 : Slight change to C++ code generation to use copy constructors
          when returning complex data type by value.

2/26/97 : Fixed bug in Python module with -c option.

2/26/97 : Slight tweak of parser to allow trailing comma in enumerations
          such as 
 
                enum Value (ALE, STOUT, LAGER, };

2/25/97 : Fixed code generation bug in Tcl module when using the
          %name() directive on a classname.

2/25/97 : Finished code-size optimization of C++ code generation with
          inheritance of attributes.    Inherited attributes now
          only generate one set of wrapper functions that are re-used
          in any derived classes.   This could provide big code
          size improvements in some scripting language interfaces.

2/25/97 : Perl5 module modified to support both the Unix and Windows
          versions.  The windows version has been tested with the
          Activeware port of Perl 5.003 running under Windows 95.
          The C source generated by SWIG should compile without
          modification under both versions of Perl, but is now
          even more hideous than before.  

2/25/97 : Modified parser to allow scope resolution operation to
          appear in expressions and default arguments as in :

                void foo(int a =  Bar::defvalue);

2/25/97 : Fixed bug when resolving symbols inside C++ classes.
          For example :

               class Foo {
               public:
                   enum Value {ALE, STOUT, LAGER};
                   ...
                   void defarg(Value v = STOUT);

              };

2/24/97 : Fixed bug with member functions returning void *.

2/23/97 : Modified Python module to be better behaved under Windows

            -  Module initialization function is now properly exported.
               It should not be neccessary to explicitly export this function
               yourself.

            -  Bizarre compilation problems when compiling the SWIG wrapper
               code as ANSI C under Visual C++ 4.x fixed.

            -  Tested with both the stock Python-1.4 distribution and Pythonwin
               running under Win95.

2/19/97 : Fixed typedef handling bug in Perl5 shadow classes.
           
2/19/97 : Added exception support.  To use it, do the following :

              %except(lang) {
                  ... try part of the exception ...
                  $function
                  ... catch part of exception ...
              }

          $function is a SWIG variable that will be replaced by the
          actual C/C++ function call in a wrapper function.  Thus,
          a real exception specification might look like this :

             %except(perl5) {
                  try {
                  $function
                  } catch (char *& sz) {
                    ... process an exception ...
                  } catch(...) {
                    croak("Unknown exception. Bailing out...");
                  }
             }

2/19/97 : Added support for managing generic code fragments (needed
          for exceptions).

2/19/97 : Fixed some really obscure typemap scoping bugs in the C++
          handler.

2/18/97 : Cleaned up perlmain.i file by removing some problematic,
          but seemingly unnecessary declarations.

2/18/97 : Optimized handling of member functions under inheritance.
          SWIG can now use wrapper functions generated for a 
          base class instead of regenerating wrappers for 
          the same functions in a derived class.    This could
          make a drastic reduction in wrapper code size for C++
          applications with deep inheritance hierarchies and
          lots of functions.

2/18/97 : Additional methods specified with %addmethods can now
          be inherited along with normal C++ member functions.

2/18/97 : Minor internal fixes to make SWIG's string handling a little
          safer.

2/16/97 : Moved some code generation of Tcl shadow classes to
          library files.

2/16/97 : Fixed documentation error of '-configure' method in
          Tcl modules.

2/16/97 : Modified Perl5 module slightly to allow typemaps
          to use Perl references.

2/12/97 : Fixed argument checking bug that was introduced by
          default arguments (function calls with too many
          arguments would still be executed).  Functions now
          must have the same number of arguments as C version
          (with possibility of default/optional arguments
          still supported).

2/12/97 : Fixed default argument bug in Perl5 module when
          generating wrapper functions involving default
          arguments of complex datatypes.

2/12/97 : Fixed typemap scoping problems.  For example :

              %typemap(tcl,in) double {
                    .. get a double ..
              }

              class Foo {
              public:
                   double bar(double);
              }

              %typemap(tcl,in) double {
                    .. new get double ..
              }

          Would apply the second typemap to all functions in Foo
          due to delayed generation of C++ wrapper code (clearly this
          is not the desired effect).   Problem has been fixed by 
          assigning unique numerical identifiers to every datatype in
          an interface file and recording the "range of effect" of each
          typemap.  

2/11/97 : Added support for "ignore" and "default" typemaps.  Only use
          if you absolutely know what you're doing.

2/9/97  : Added automatic creation of constructors and destructors for
          C structs and C++ classes that do not specify any sort of
          constructor or destructor.   This feature can be enabled by
          running SWIG with the '-make_default' option or by inserting
          the following pragma into an interface file :

                 %pragma make_default

          The following pragma disables automatic constructor generation

                 %pragma no_default

2/9/97  : Added -make_default option for producing default constructors
          and destructors for classes without them.

2/9/97  : Changed the syntax of the SWIG %pragma directive to 
          %pragma option=value or %pragma(lang) option=value.
          This change makes the syntax a little more consistent
          between general pragmas and language-specific pragmas.
          The old syntax still works, but will probably be phased
          out (a warning message is currently printed).

2/9/97  : Improved Tcl support of global variables that are of
          structures, classes, and unions.

2/9/97  : Fixed C++ compilation problem in Python 'embed.i' library file.
          
2/9/97  : Fixed missing return value in perlmain.i library file.

2/9/97  : Fixed Python shadow classes to return an AttributeError when
          undefined attributes are accessed (older versions returned
          a NameError).

2/9/97  : Fixed bug when %addmethods is used after a class definition whose
          last section is protected or private.

2/8/97  : Made slight changes in include file processing to support
          the Macintosh.

2/8/97  : Extended swigmain.cxx to provide a rudimentary Macintosh interface.
          It's a really bad interface, but works until something better
          is written.

1/29/97 : Fixed type-casting bug introduced by 1.1b4 when setting/getting the
          value of global variables involving complex data types.

1/29/97 : Removed erroneous white space before an #endif in the code generated
          by the Python module (was causing errors on DEC Alpha compilers).

1/26/97 : Fixed errors when using default/optional arguments in Python shadow
	  shadow classes.

1/23/97 : Fixed bug with nested %extern declarations.
 
1/21/97 : Fixed problem with typedef involving const datatypes.

1/21/97 : Somewhat obscure, but serious bug with having multiple levels
          of typedefs fixed.  For example :

		typedef char *String;
                typedef String  Name;

Version 1.1 Beta4 (January 16, 1997)
====================================

Note : SWIG 1.1b3 crashed and burned shortly after take off due
to a few major run-time problems that surfaced after release. 
This release should fix most, if not all, of those problems.

1/16/97 : Fixed major memory management bug on Linux

1/14/97 : Fixed bug in functions returning constant C++ references.

1/14/97 : Modified C++ module to handle datatypes better.

1/14/97 : Modified parser to allow a *single* scope resolution
          operator in datatypes.  Ie : Foo::bar.   SWIG doesn't
          yet handle nested classes, so this should be
          sufficient for now.

1/14/97 : Modified parser to allow typedef inside a C++ class.

1/14/97 : Fixed some problems related to datatypes defined inside
          a C++ class.  SWIG was not generating correct code,
          but a new scoping mechanism and method for handling
          datatypes inside a C++ class have been added.
 
1/14/97 : Changed enumerations to use the value name instead
          of any values that might have appeared in the interface
          file.  This makes the code a little more friendly to
          C++ compilers.

1/14/97 : Removed typedef bug that made all enumerations
          equivalent to each other in the type checker (since
          it generated alot of unnecessary code).

Version 1.1 Beta3 (January 9, 1997)
====================================

Note : A *huge* number of changes related to ongoing modifications.

1.  Support for C++ multiple inheritance added.

2.  Typemaps added.

3.  Some support for nested structure definitions added.

4.  Default argument handling added.

5.  -c option added for building bare wrapper code modules.

6.  Rewrote Pointer type-checking to support multiple inheritance
    correctly.

7.  Tcl 8.0 module added.

8.  Perl4 and Guile modules resurrected from the dead (well, they
    at least work again).

9.  New Object Oriented Tcl interface added.

10. Bug fixes to Perl5 shadow classes.

11. Cleaned up many of the internal modules of the parser.

12. Tons of examples and testing modules added.

13. Fixed bugs related to use of "const" return values.

14. Fixed bug with C++ member functions returning void *.

15. Changed SWIG configuration script.

Version 1.1 Beta2 (December 3, 1996)
====================================

1. Completely rewrote the SWIG documentation system.  The changes
   involved are too numerous to mention.  Basically, take everything
   you knew about the old system, throw them out, and read the
   file Doc/doc.ps.

2. Limited support for #if defined() added.

3. Type casts are now allowed in constant expressions.  ie

         #define  A   (int) 3

4. Added support for typedef lists.  For example :
	
	typedef struct {
	        double x,y,z;
        } Vector, *VectorPtr;

5. New SWIG directives (related to documentation system)

	%style
	%localstyle
	%subsection
	%subsubsection

6. Reorganized the C++ handling and made it a little easier to
   work with internally.

7.  Fixed problem with inheriting data members in Python
    shadow classes.

8.  Fixed symbol table problems with shadow classes in both
    Python and Perl.

9.  Fixed annoying segmentation fault bug in wrapper code
    generated for Perl5.

10. Fixed bug with %addmethods directive.  Now it can be placed
    anywhere in a class.

11. More test cases added to the SWIG self-test.   Documentation
    tests are now performed along with other things.

12. Reorganized the SWIG library a little bit and set it up to
    self-document itself using SWIG.

13. Lots and lots of minor bug fixes (mostly obscure, but bugs
    nonetheless).


Version 1.1 Beta1 (October 30, 1996)
====================================

1. Added new %extern directive for handling multiple files

2. Perl5 shadow classes added

3. Rewrote conditional compilation to work better

4. Added 'bool' datatype

5. %{,%} block is now optional.

6. Fixed some bugs in the Python shadow class module

7. Rewrote all of the SWIG tests to be more informative
   (and less scary).

8. Rewrote parameter list handling to be more memory
   efficient and flexible.

9. Changed parser to ignore 'static' declarations.

10. Initializers are now ignored.  For example :

	struct FooBar a = {3,4,5};

11. Somewhat better parsing of arrays (although it's
    usually just a better error message now).

12. Lot's of minor bug fixes.


Version 1.0 Final (August 31, 1996)
===================================
1. Fixed minor bug in C++ module

2. Fixed minor bug in pointer type-checker when using
   -DALLOW_NULL.

3. Fixed configure script to work with Python 1.4beta3

4. Changed configure script to allow compilation without
   yacc or bison.

Version 1.0 Final (August 28, 1996)
===================================

1.  Changed parser to support more C/C++ datatypes (well,
    more variants).   Types like "unsigned", "short int",
    "long int", etc... now work.

2.  "unions" added to parser.

3.  Use of "typedef" as in :

	typedef struct {
	     double x,y,z;
	} Vector;

    Now works correctly.   The name of the typedef is used as
    the structure name.

4.  Conditional compilation with #ifdef, #else, #endif, etc...
    added.

5.  New %disabledoc, %enabledoc directives allow documentation
    to selectively be disabled for certain parts of a wrapper
    file.

6.  New Python module supports better variable linking, constants,
    and shadow classes.

7.  Perl5 module improved with better compatibility with XS
    and xsubpp.   SWIG pointers and now created so that they
    are compatible with xsubpp pointers.

8.  Support for [incr Tcl] namespaces added to Tcl module.

9.  %pragma directive added.

10. %addmethods directive added.

11. %native directive added to allow pre-existing wrapper functions
    to be used.

12. Wrote configure script for SWIG installation.

13. Function pointers now allowed with typedef statements.

14. %typedef modified to insert a corresponding C typedef into
    the output file.

15. Fixed some problems related to C++ references.

16. New String and WrapperFunction classes add to make generating
    wrapper code easier.

17. Fixed command line option processing to eliminate core dumps
    and to allow help messages.

18. Lot's of minor bug fixes to almost all code modules


Version 1.0 Beta 3 (Patch 1) July 17, 1996
==========================================

1.0 Final is not quite ready yet, but this release fixes a
number of immediate problems :

1.  Compiler errors when using -strict 1 type checking have been fixed.

2.  Pointer type checker now recognizes pointers of the form
    _0_Type correctly.

3.  A few minor fixes were made in the Makefile

Version 1.0 Beta 3 (June 14, 1996)
===================================


There are lots of changes in this release :

1.  SWIG is now invoked using the "swig" command instead of "wrap".
    Hey, swig sounds cooler.

2.  The SWIG_LIB environment variable can be set to change the
    location where SWIG looks for library files.

3.  C++ support has been added.   You should use the -c++ option
    to enable it.

4.  The %init directive has been replaced by the %module directive.
    %module constructs a valid name for the initialization function
    for whatever target language you're using (actually this makes
    SWIG files a little cleaner).  The old %init directive still works.

5.  The syntax of the %name directive has been changed.   Use of the
    old one should generate a warning message, but may still work.
    
6.  To support Tcl/Tk on non-unix platforms, SWIG imports a file called
    swigtcl.cfg from the $(SWIG_LIB)/tcl directory.   I don't have access
    to an NT machine, but this file is supposedly allows SWIG to
    produce wrapper code that compiles on both UNIX and non UNIX machines.
    If this doesn't work, you'll have to edit the file swigtcl.cfg. Please
    let me know if this doesn't work so I can update the file as
    necessary.

7.  The SWIG run-time typechecker has been improved.    You can also
    now redefine how it works by supplying a file called "swigptr.cfg"
    in the same directory as your SWIG interface files.   By default,
    SWIG reads this file from $(SWIG_LIB)/config.

8.  The documentation system has been changed to support the following :

	-  Documentation order is printed in interface file order by
           default.   This can be overridden by putting an %alpha
           directive in the beginning of the interface file.
   
        -  You can supply additional documentation text using

           %text %{ put your text here %}

        -  A few minor bugs were fixed.

9.  A few improvements have been made to the handling of command line
    options (but it's still not finished).

10.  Lots of minor bug fixes in most of the language modules have been
     made.

11. Filenames have been changed to 8.3 for compatibility with a SWIG
    port to non-unix platforms (work in progress).

12. C++ file suffix is now .cxx (for same reason).

13. The documentation has been upgraded significantly and is now
    around 100 pages.    I added new examples and a section on
    C++.  The documentation now includes a Table of Contents.

14. The SWIG Examples directory is still woefully sparse, but is
    getting better.

Special notice about C++
------------------------
This is the first version of SWIG to support C++ parsing.  Currently
the C++ is far from complete, but seems to work for simple cases.
No work has been done to add special C++ processing to any of
the target languages.   See the user manual for details about how
C++ is handled.   If you find problems with the C++ implementation,
please let me know.  Expect major improvements in this area.

Note : I have only successfully used SWIG and C++ with Tcl and
Python.

Notice about Version 1.0Final
-----------------------------

Version 1.0B3 is the last Beta release before version 1.0 Final is
released.  I have frozen the list of features supported in version 1.0
and will only fix bugs as they show up.  Work on SWIG version 2.0 is
already in progress, but is going to result in rather significant
changes to SWIG's internal structure (hopefully for the better).  No
anticipated date for version 2.0 is set, but if you've got an idea,
let me know.

Version 1.0 Beta 2 (April 26, 1996)
===================================
This release is identical to Beta1 except a few minor bugs are
fixed and the SWIG library has been updated to work with Tcl 7.5/Tk 4.1.
A tcl7.5 examples directory is now included.

- Fixed a bug in the Makefile that didn't install the libraries
  correctly.

- SWIG Library files are now updated to work with Tcl 7.5 and Tk 4.1.

- Minor bug fixes in other modules.


Version 1.0 Beta 1  (April 10, 1996).
=====================================
This is the first "semi-official" release of SWIG.    It has a
number of substantial improvements over the Alpha release.   These
notes are in no particular order--hope I remembered everything....

1.  Tcl/Tk

SWIG is known to work with Tcl7.3, Tk3.6 and later versions.
I've also tested SWIG with expect-5.19.      

Normally SWIG expects to use the header files "tcl.h" and "tk.h".  
Newer versions of Tcl/Tk use version numbers.   You can specify these
in SWIG as follows :

        % wrap -htcl tcl7.4.h -htk tk4.0.h example.i

Of course, I prefer to simply set up symbolic links between "tcl.h" and
the most recent stable version on the machine.

2.  Perl4

This implementation has been based on Perl-4.035.  SWIG's interface to
Perl4 is based on the documentation provided in the "Programming Perl"
book by Larry Wall, and files located in the "usub" directory of the
Perl4 distribution.

In order to compile with Perl4, you'll need to link with the uperl.o
file found in the Perl4 source directory.  You may want to move this
file to a more convenient location.

3.  Perl5

This is a somewhat experimental implementation, but is alot less
buggy than the alpha release.     SWIG operates independently of
the XS language and xsubpp supplied with Perl5.  Currently SWIG
produces the necessary C code and .pm file needed to dynamically
load a module into Perl5.    

To support Perl5's notion of modules and packages (as with xsubpp),
you can use the following command line options :

        % wrap -perl5 -module MyModule -package MyPackage example.i

Note : In order for dynamic loading to be effective, you need to be
careful about naming.    For a module named "MyModule", you'll need to
create a shared object file called "MyModule.so" using something like

        % ld -shared my_obj.o -o MyModule.so

The use of the %init directive must match the module name since Perl5
calls a function "boot_ModuleName" in order to initialize things.
See the Examples directory for some examples of how to get things
to work.

4.  Python1.3

This is the first release supporting Python.    The Python port is
experimental and may be rewritten.   Variable linkage is done through
functions which is sort of a kludge.  I also think it would be nice
to import SWIG pointers into Python as a new object (instead of strings).
Of course, this needs a little more work.

5.  Guile3

If you really want to live on the edge, pick up a copy of Guile-iii and
play around with this.      This is highly experimental---especially since
I'm not sure what the official state of Guile is these days.  This
implementation may change at any time should I suddenly figure out better
ways to do things. 

6.  Extending SWIG

SWIG is written in C++ although I tend to think of the code as mostly 
being ANSI C with a little inheritance thrown in.   Each target language
is implemented as a C++ class that can be plugged into the system.
If you want to add your own modifications, see Appendix C of the user
manual.   Then take a look at the "user" directory which contains some
code for building your own extenions.

7. The SWIG library 

The SWIG library is still incomplete.  Some of the files mentioned in
the user manual are unavailable.    These files will be made available
when they are ready.   Subscribe to the SWIG mailing list for announcements
and updates.

8. SWIG Documentation

I have sometimes experienced problems viewing the SWIG documentation in
some postscript viewers.   However, the documentation seems to print
normally.    I'm working on making much of the documentation online,
but this takes time.

Version 0.1 Alpha (February 9, 1996)
====================================

1.  Run-time type-checking of SWIG pointers.   Pointers are now represented
    as strings with both numeric and encoded type information.    This makes
    it a little harder to shoot yourself in the foot (and it eliminates 
    some segmentation faults and other oddities).

2.  Python 1.3 now supported.

3.  #define and enum can be used to install constants.

4.  Completely rewrote the %include directive and made it alot more powerful.
    
5.  Restructured the SWIG library to make it work better.

6.  Various bug fixes to Tcl, Perl4, Perl5, and Guile implementations.

7.  Better implementation of %typedef directive.

8.  Made some changes to SWIG's class structure to make it easier to expand.
    SWIG is now built into a library file that you can use to make your
    own extenions.   

9.  Made extensive changes to the documentation.

10. Minor changes to the SWIG parser to make it use less memory.
    Also took out some extraneous rules that were undocumented and
    didn't work in the first place.

11. The SWIG library files "tclsh", "wish", "expect", etc... in the first
    release have been restructured and renamed to "tclsh.i", "wish.i",
    and so on.




 











