Introduction BIND 9.10.0rc2 is the second release candidate of BIND 9.10.0, a new branch of BIND 9. This document summarizes features added or significantly changed since the previous major release. Bug fixes since the most recent development release (BIND 9.10.0rc1) are also summarized. Please see the CHANGES file in the source code release for a complete list of all changes. Download The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found on our web site at http://www.isc.org/downloads/. There you will find additional information about each release, source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows operating systems. Support Professional support is provided by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., doing business as DNSco. Information about paid support options is available at http://www.dns-co.com/solutions/. Free support is provided by our user community via a mailing list. Information on all public email lists is available at https://www.isc.org/community/mailing-list/. Special Note After the release of BIND 9.10.0rc1, the BIND 9 development team was informed of a namespace collision with another open-source software product: the Xapian search engine already includes a tool called "delve". Accordingly, we have altered the spelling of our "domain entity lookup and validation" tool, first introduced in 9.10.0b2, to "delv". Apologies to the Xapian project for the oversight, and to any early adopters of delv that may have been inconvenienced by the change. New Features DNS Response-rate limiting (DNS RRL), which blunts the impact of reflection and amplification attacks, is always compiled in and no longer requires a compile-time option to enable it. An experimental "Source Identity Token" (SIT) EDNS option is now available. Similar to DNS Cookies (as invented by Donald Eastlake III and described in draft-eastlake-dnsext-cookies-04), these are designed to enable clients to detect off-path spoofed responses, and to enable servers to detect spoofed-source queries. Servers can be configured to send smaller responses to clients that have not identified themselves using a SIT option, reducing the effectiveness of amplification attacks. RRL processing has also been updated: clients proven to be legitimate via SIT are not subject to rate limiting. Use "configure --enable-sit" to enable this feature in BIND 9. [RT #35389] A new zone file format, "map", stores zone data in a format that can be mapped directly into memory, allowing significantly faster zone loading. [RT #25419] "delv" (domain entity lookup and validation) is a new tool with dig-like semantics for looking up DNS data and performing internal DNSSEC validation. This allows easy validation in environments where the resolver may not be trustworthy, and assists with troubleshooting of DNSSEC problems. (NOTE: The spelling of this utility has been changed due to a namespace conflict; see the Special Note, above.) [RT #32406] The new "prefetch" option can improve recursive resolver performance: when it is in use, cache records that are still being requested by clients will automatically be refreshed from the authoritative server before they expire, reducing or eliminating the time window in which no answer is available in the cache. [RT #35041] Improved EDNS processing allows better resolver performance and reliability over slow or lossy connections. [RT #30655] Substantial improvements have been made in response-policy zone (RPZ) performance. Up to 32 response-policy zones can now be configured. Performance loss due to adding additional RPZs is minimal. RPZ now allows response policies to be triggered based on the IP address of the client. ACLs can now be specified based on geographic location using the MaxMind GeoIP databases. Use "configure --with-geoip" to enable this feature in BIND 9. Thanks to Ken Brownfield for the contribution. [RT #30681] The version 3 XML schema for the statistics channel, including new statistics and a flattened XML tree for faster parsing, is no longer optional. The version 2 XML schema is now deprecated. [RT #30023] Improvements have been made to the XSL stylesheet used for XML statistics: The stylesheet can now be cached by the browser; section headers are omitted when the sections have no data to display; counter readability has been improved. Also, broken-out subgroups of XML statistics (server, zones, net, tasks, mem, and status) can now be requested. Thanks to Timothe Litt for the assistance. [RT #35115] [RT #35117] The statistics channel can now provide data in JSON format as well as XML. Per-zone stats counters have been added to track TCP and UDP queries. [RT #35375] Server-wide stats counters have been added to track EDNS options received. [RT #35447] The new "in-view" zone option allows zone data to be shared between views, so that multiple views can serve the same zones authoritatively without storing multiple copies in memory. [RT #32968] A new compile-time option, "configure --enable-native-pkcs11", allows the BIND 9 cryptography functions to use the PKCS#11 API natively, so that BIND can drive a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM) directly instead of using a modified OpenSSL as an intermediary. (Note: This feature requires an HSM to have a full implementation of the PKCS#11 API; many current HSMs only have partial implementations. The new "pkcs11-tokens" command can be used to check API completeness. Native PKCS#11 is known to work with the Thales nShield HSM and with SoftHSM version 2 from the Open DNSSEC project.) [RT #29031] The new "named-rrchecker" tool can be used to check the syntax of individual resource records, and optionally to convert them to the format used for unknown record types: this allows provisioning systems to deploy data using new record types without needing to upgrade front-line name servers. [RT #34778] The new "dnssec-importkey" tool allows "offline" DNSSEC keys (i.e., keys whose private data is not stored on the system on which named is running) to be published or deleted on schedule using automatic DNSKEY management. [RT #34698] When re-signing a zone, the new "dnssec-signzone -Q" option drops signatures from keys that are still published but are no longer active. Thanks to Pierre Beyssac for the contribution. [RT #34990] New options have been added to "dnssec-coverage": -z and -k indicate whether to limit coverage checks to ZSK's or KSK's, and -l limits coverage checking to a specified duration. Thanks to Peter Palfrader for the contribution. [RT #35168] "named-checkconf -px" will print the contents of configuration files with the shared secrets obscured, making it easier to share configuration (e.g. when submitting a bug report) without revealing private information. [RT #34465] "named" now preserves the capitalization of names when responding to queries: for instance, a query for "example.com" may be answered with "example.COM" if the name was configured that way in the zone file. Some clients have a bug causing them to depend on the older behavior, in which the case of the answer always matched the case of the query, rather than the case of the name configured in the DNS. Such clients can now be specified in the new "no-case-compress" ACL; this will restore the older behavior of "named" for those clients only. [RT #35300] On operating systems that support routing sockets, including Mac OSX, *BSD and Linux, network interfaces are re-scanned automatically whenever they change. Use "automatic-interface-scan no;" to disable this feature. [RT #23027] Added "rndc scan" to trigger an interface scan manually. [RT #23027] A new compile-time option, "configure --with-tuning=large", tunes various compiled-in constants and default settings to values suited to large servers with abundant memory. This can improve performance on such servers, but will consume more memory and may degrade performance on smaller systems. [RT #29538] The new "max-zone-ttl" option enforces maximum TTLs for zones. If loading a zone containing a higher TTL, the load fails. DDNS updates with higher TTLs are accepted but the TTL is truncated. (Note: Currently supported for master zones only; inline-signing slaves will be added.) [RT #38405] Added a new "dig +subnet" option to send an EDNS CLIENT-SUBNET option (as described in draft-vandergaast-edns-client-subnet-02) containing the specified address/prefix when querying. Thanks to Wilmer van der Gaast for the contribution. [RT #35415] Partially implemented the EDNS EXPIRE option (as described in draft-andrews-dnsext-expire-00). "dig +expire" sends an EXPIRE option when querying. When this option is sent with an SOA query to a slave zone running on a server that supports the option, the response will report the time until the slave zone expires. EXPIRE uses an experimental option code (65002), which is subject to change when a permanent code is assigned by IANA. [RT #35416] Multiple DLZ databases can now be configured, and are searched in order to find one that can answer an incoming query. Individual zones can now be configured to be served from a specific DLZ database. DLZ databases can serve zones of type "master" and "redirect". "named-checkzone" and "named-compilezone" can now read journal files, allowing them to process dynamic zones without the zones needing to be frozen first. The "rndc" command now supports new key algorithms in addition to HMAC-MD5, including HMAC-SHA1, -SHA224, -SHA256, -SHA384, and -SHA512. The -A option to rndc-confgen can be used to select the algorithm for the generated key. (The default is still HMAC-MD5; this may change in a future release.) [RT #20363] "tsig-keygen" is now available as an alternate command name to use for "ddns-confgen -q"; it randomly generates a TSIG key suitable for use in named.conf. [RT #35503] Specifying the keyword "auto" instead of a salt when using "rndc signing -nsec3param" will cause "named" to select a 64-bit salt at random. [RT #35322] The internal and export versions of the BIND libraries (libisc, libdns, etc) have been unified so that external library clients can use the same libraries as BIND itself. [RT #33131] Added a "Configure" script for Windows to simplify enabling or disabling optional features. All versions of Visual Studio up to 2013 are now supported, and support has been added for 64-bit builds. Zip files containing pre-compiled 64-bit versions of BIND 9 are now included with releases. [RT #34160] "rndc -q" causes "rndc" to suppress output other than error messages. [RT #21393] "rndc zonestatus" reports information about a specified zone. [RT #21671] A new "rndc delzone -clean" option removes zone files when a zone is deleted. [RT #33570] "named" now listens on IPv6 as well as IPv4 interfaces by default. Feature Changes Threads are now enabled by default on most operating systems, including Linux. Operators who were not previously using threads may see some changes in behavior: Linux's thread model requires named to drop "root" privileges earlier in the startup process; as a result, some files and directories may not be accessible to named depending on user ID and file permissions. This can be addressed by using the "-u" command line option for force named to run under the specified user ID. [RT #25483] The default setting for the -U option (setting the number of UDP listeners per interface) has been adjusted to improve performance. [RT #35417] Adaptive mutex locks are now used on systems which support them; this has been found to improve performance under load on many systems. Use "configure --with-locktype=standard" to use conventional mutex locks instead. [RT #32576] "rndc flushtree" now flushes matching records from the address database and bad cache as well as the DNS cache. (Previously only the DNS cache was flushed.) [RT #33970] Updated zkt and nslint in the contrib directory to the newest versions: zkt 1.1.2 and nslint-3.0a2. The isc_bitstring API is no longer used and has been removed from the libisc library. [RT #35284] The word "never" can now be used as a synonym for "none" when configuring key event dates in the dnssec tools. [RT #35277] Documentation of native PKCS#11 has been expanded, specifically to describe the new pkcs11: URI format used in key labels. [RT #35287] The Windows installer now places files in the Program Files area rather than system services. [RT #35361] The timestamps included in RRSIG records can now be read as integers indicating the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch, in addition to being read as formatted dates in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format. [RT #35185] Several features previously unavailable on Windows are now available, including "delve" and the "export library" APIs including libirs. The Python tools "dnssec-coverage" and "dnssec-checkds" can now be enabled on Windows via "Configure", but are not included in the installation zips. [RT #35441] [RT #35382] [RT #34355] The irs_resconf_load() function, used for reading /etc/resolv.conf, now returns ISC_R_FILENOTFOUND when the file is missing or unreadable. However, it will still initialize an irs_resconf structure as if the file had been configured with nameservers at the IPv4 and IPv6 localhost addresses. Existing code that uses irs_resconf_load() will need to be updated to treat ISC_R_FILENOTFOUND as a qualified success, or it may leak memory due to treating the result as a failure even though an irs_resconf structure was allocated; see CHANGES for sample C code that implements the correct behavior [RT #35194] A comment is now included in .nzf files (which are used for adding new zones via "rndc") to give the name of the associated view. [RT #34765] When using "request-nsid", if the name server identifier received from the server contains printable characters, they will be logged in a human-readable string format in addition to hexadecimal. [RT #20864] "named" will now log a warning when addresses of the wrong family are used in "listen-on" or "listen-on-v6". Previously these were silently ignored. [RT #17848] The -S and -i options to "dnssec-keygen" and "dnssec-settime" (to set up a successor key and set the prepublication interval) were inadvertently left out of "dnssec-keyfromlabel". This has been corrected. [RT #35394] When the cache is dumped via "rndc dumpdb", DNSKEY records' key ID's are included in the output. [RT #34533] The XSL stylesheet used for the XML stats channel now displays links to the various URLs showing broken-out subgroups of statistics. [RT #35605] Bug Fixes Since 9.10.0b1 Some name servers respond incorrectly when encountering unknown EDNS(0) options; this can cause problems when using SIT. "named" will now check for this by resending queries without SIT when encountering unexpected response codes. [RT #35766] A signed/unsigned mismatch in dns_name_fromtext() could cause incorrect results when using lowercase. [RT #35743] Thank You Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible. 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